Maad Rayan Publishing Company Biomedical Research Bulletin 2980-9924 1 3 2023 09 29 The Effects of CAR T-cell Therapy on Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 1 Inflammatory Cytokines, and TLR2 and TLR4 Expression in Patients With Dental Implants Who Received the COVID-19 Vaccine 105 108 10.34172/biomedrb.2023.20 EN Mohaddeseh Rajabpour https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0261-727X Farshad Anguti Mobina Belalzadeh Ali Mohebbi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-6878 Journal Article 10.34172/biomedrb.2023.20 2023 09 12 2023 09 20 Background: COVID-19 is a family of coronaviruses that was started in Wuhan, China in 2020. This virus has a strong relationship with cytokine storm. The aim of this novel study was to evaluate the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy drug’s effects on immunity member expression in dental implant patients who received the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A total of ten patients who received the COVID-19 vaccine and applied for dental implants were chosen for this study. Five patients who applied for dental implants but did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine were selected as the control group. The macrophage cells were isolated from dental pulp and treated with CAR T-cell therapy drugs. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the evaluation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 expression, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of interleukin (IL-6) and IL-1 cytokines. Results: The results of the present study showed that 48 hours after treating the cells with CAR T-cell therapy drugs, the TLR2 and TLR4 expression and IL-6 and IL-1 levels were decreased, and this amount was higher in the tisagenlecleucel group than in the axicabtagene ciloleucel group (P<0.001). The COVID-19 vaccine group results demonstrated no significant difference compared with other groups. Conclusion: The findings of the present study proved that the drugs as a CAR T-cell therapy, such as Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene ciloleucel, could decrease TLR function and inflammatory cytokines levels, but due to the cytokines storm in COVID-19, these drugs could not affect innate immunity receptors and cytokines levels.