Ali Nakhaei
1,2 
, Arezoo Omidkhoda
1,2, Sadaf Afshari
3, Alireza Mohtashami
3, Mohammad Jalili-Nik
4, Mahsa Jalali
5, Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
6, Amir R. Afshari
5,7,8* 1 Student Research Committee, MMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
3 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
4 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
6 Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
7 Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
8 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Abstract
Understanding processes that underlie cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance requires perceiving its distinct features. These characteristics serve as a roadmap for creating innovative treatment approaches that target the core characteristics of cancer, leading to more specialized treatments that may have longer-lasting effects but fewer side effects. Medicinal plants are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide because of their widely acknowledged safety, affordability, and therapeutic potential. They include naturally occurring chemicals that are highly effective in herbal medicine for some cancer-related processes, such as prevention, mutagenesis suppression, antioxidant defense, and cell proliferation inhibition. The Calotropis procera is one recommended target for cancer treatment. Numerous cellular interactions in both healthy growth and illness were regulated by C. procera. In addition, recent research has elucidated the distinct anticancer activities of C. procera and their relationships with other cellular pathways. These benefits have increased expectations for the development of an effective treatment plan for all types of cancer, particularly the breast, prostate, colorectal, and glioblastoma multiforme cancers.