An Overview on Pathogeneses, Immune Responses, and Challenges against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: a narrative review

Abstract

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses known to cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. This is a new coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. The statistics of this disease to date are 516 million cases and 6.25 million deaths. To recognize the reasons for severe illness experiences in some patients, it is offered to have a review on pathogeneses (different mechanisms of adherence to host cells and detecting affiliated receptors), other responses of the innate immune system, leading to cytokine storm, inflammations, and a confused and unable system to identify and eliminate infectious organisms and all the pathogens, as the main reason in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Identifying immunopathogenesis characteristics of the virus can help us know more about new therapeutic medicines and patient outcomes.

Keywords: SARS-CoV,, Immune Challenges ,, Pathogenesis,, Cytokine Storm, SARS-CoV-2,